In prekindergarten, students expand their ability to acquire information, solve problems, and communicate with others. Regular access and exposure to computers and related technology can enhance this learning. Children use engaging, age-appropriate, and challenging software, and technology to extend their knowledge and to enrich their learning of curriculum content and concepts. These technologies serve as important learning tools and are integrated throughout the instructional program.
Children will learn the basic functions of the computer and related technologies. They develop techniques for handling and controlling various input devices, and become increasingly confident and independent users of age-appropriate software programs. The students at the pre-k level will learn the basic functions of the computers and other technologies. The prekindergarten year is used as a time for the students to become familiar with techniques and becoming confident in their abilities with the technology. They will be expected to be able to start, use and exit software programs. The students will also be expected to use an assortment of input devices, including the mouse, keypad, printer, and CD-ROM, and know the terminology associated with each component. Students should be able to follow basic oral or pictorial cues in order to operate programs successfully. Another expectation would be for the students to be able to listen and interact appropriately with electronic forms of storybooks and information texts. The final expectation of pre-k students would be that they are able to successfully use a variety of software packages with audio, video, and graphics to enhance their learning experiences.
Pre-K TEKS lay the foundation for student performance in future grades by laying a foundation for years to come. If teachers at the pre-k level are successful in attaining the goals set forth by the Prekindergarten Guidelines, the teachers of the future grades have a much easier time in reaching their goals. If the students entering their classes are fluent with technology, meaning being capable of using technology and feeling confident in using technology, the instructors can spend their time delving into the content necessary to reach their goals according to the TEKS. Teachers at each grade level are required to meet the appropriate TEKS according to their subject area and/or grade level. They can access technology that is age-appropriate, challenging, and engaging for the students in their classroom that is relevant to their specific curriculum. Furthermore, the ability of the students to work comfortably with technology will enable teachers in the future grades to have the opportunity to reach all learners by utilizing the various technological strategies for diverse classrooms with greater ease, as they will not have to spend their time introducing basic computer technology to the students.
In reviewing the grade clusters K-2, 3-5, 6-8, and various specific TA high school level content areas, I found several TEKS that are repeated through several, if not all clusters.
Since all of the other content area TEKS are designed as a dynamic and spiraling curriculum, it is appropriate and rational to say that the Technology Application TEKS would also be designed as a dynamic and spiraling curriculum. As students progress into higher grades, the expectation of the particular TEKS increases with higher grade clusters, as is true of most content area TEKS. Through several grade clusters, the Solving Problems strand according to the TA TEKS, the student “uses appropriate computer-based productivity tools to create and modify solutions to problems.” I compared this TEK in three different clusters, K-2, 3-5, and 6-8. That specific objective continues into the high school level courses, but I only illustrated the grade clusters listed above. Although the main objective is identical in all three grade clusters, each grade cluster had an increasing number of expectations.
The objective that the student “uses appropriate computer-based productivity tools to create and modify solutions to problems” is first listed in the K-2 grade cluster. At this level there are two expectations of the student. One, they are expected to “use software programs with audio, video, and graphics to enhance learning experiences” (7A), and two, they are to “use appropriate software including the use of word processing and multimedia, to express ideas and solve problems” (7B).
The next grade level to list this objective is grade cluster 3-5, with three expectations required of the student. Again, here the student is expected to “use software programs with audio, video, and graphics to enhance learning experiences” (7A), exactly as it was stated in the grade cluster K-2. Differing though, the second expectation has been modified to have the student “use appropriate software to express ideas and solve problems including the use of word processing, graphics, databases, spreadsheets, simulations, and multimedia” (7B). Here, the student is still expected to use word processing and multimedia, which reinforces those skills learned in the previous grade cluster. At this level though, the student is now expected to use additional methods which include graphics, databases, spreadsheets, and simulations to express ideas and solve problems. Finally, the third expectation that the student is to “use a variety of data types including text, graphics, digital audio, and video” (7C). This expectation is a new feature added to this grade cluster.
The middle school cluster, 6-8, lists the same objective, but goes into much comprehensive detail with regard to student expectations. Within this cluster and objective, the teachers are required to look at ten expectations. At this level, it is clear that the expectation is for the student to use specific strategies, focusing greater attention to detail, but still focusing on the student’s ability to use computer-based productivity tools to create or modify products of their own. As you can see this is illustrated in the detailed wording of the first few expectations. The first few specifics are listed, “plan, create, and edit documents created with a word processor using readable fonts, alignment, page setup, tabs, and ruler settings” (7A), “create and edit spreadsheet using all data types, formulas and functions, and chart information” (7B), “plan, create and edit databases by defining fields, entering data, and designing layouts appropriate for reporting” (7C), and “demonstrate proficiency in use of multimedia authoring programs by creating linear or nonlinear projects incorporating text, audio, video, and graphics” (7D). The next several continue in the same detailed manner, “create a document using desktop publishing techniques including, but not limited to, the creation of multi-column or multi-section documents with a text-wrapped frame formats” (7E), “differentiate between and demonstrate appropriate use of a variety of graphic tools found in draw and paint applications” (7F), “integrate two or more productivity tools into a document including, but not limited to, tables, charts and graphs, graphics from paint or draw programs, and mail merge” (7G), and “use interactive virtual environments, appropriate to level, such as virtual reality or simulations” (7H). The final expectations are indicated as, “use technical writing strategies to create products such as a technical instruction guide” (7I), and “use foundation and enrichment curricula in the creation of products” (7J).